International instruments in the fi eld of climate change

Аннотация

One of the important international treaties in the fi eld of climate change is the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Main objective of the UNFCCC is to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. At present 165 countries joined to UNFCCC and get good experience in climate change issue and singed a lot of agreements as a Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement, Bali Action Plan, etc. The parties to the convention have met annually from 1995 in Conferences of the Parties (COP) to assess progress in dealing with climate change. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol was concluded and established legally binding obligations for developed countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions in the period 2008–2012. The 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference produced an agreement stating that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0°C (3.6°F) relative to the pre-industrial level. The Protocol was amended in 2012 to encompass the period 2013–2020 in the Doha Amendment, which as of December 2015 had not entered into force. In 2015 the Paris Agreement was adopted, governing emission reductions from 2020 on through commitments of countries in ambitious Nationally Determined Contributions. The Paris Agreement entered into force on 4 November 2016. The aim of the current work is to give a brief review of agreements signed by the UNFCCC.